منابع مشابه
Policy Evaluation and Economic Policy Advice Christoph
Policy Evaluation and Economic Policy Advice Arguably, one of the most important developments in the field of applied economics during the last decades has been the emergence of systematic policy evaluation, with its distinct focus on the establishment of causality. By contrast to the natural sciences, the objects of our scientific interest typically exert some influence on their treatment stat...
متن کاملPolicy Evaluation and Economic Policy Advice
Policy Evaluation and Economic Policy Advice Arguably, one of the most important developments in the field of applied economics during the last decades has been the emergence of systematic policy evaluation, with its distinct focus on the establishment of causality. By contrast to the natural sciences, the objects of our scientific interest typically exert some influence on their treatment stat...
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We present the starting elements of a mathematical theory of policy advice and avoidability. More specifically, we formalize a cluster of notions related to policy advice, such as policy, viability, reachability, and propose a novel approach for assisting decision making, based on the concept of avoidability. We formalize avoidability as a relation between current and future states, investigate...
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Copyright © 2012 Massachusetts Medical Society. People have suffered from asthma for millennia.1 Although the clinical presentation of asthma has probably changed little, there are many more people who now bear its consequences than there were 200 years ago. As a result of an intense interest in the condition, our understanding of its pathobiology, how to diagnose it, and — most important — how...
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T he fundamental approach to policy prescription in economics derives from the recognition that the presence of market failures—like externalities, public goods, monopoly, and imperfect competition—creates room for well-designed public interventions to improve social welfare. This tradition, already clear in Pigou (1912), was elaborated by Samuelson (1947), and still provides the basis of most ...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Nature
سال: 1995
ISSN: 0028-0836,1476-4687
DOI: 10.1038/375622b0